Flashcard 9 - Earth & Space

Front

What is the most common igneous rock?

Back

Basalt is the most common igneous rock, formed from the rapid cooling of lava.

Front

What type of igneous rock cools slowly deep within the Earth and then quickly at the surface?

Back

Porphyritic rock is formed when magma cools slowly underground and then is rapidly brought to the surface, resulting in a unique texture.

Front

What is a sedimentary rock that consists of smooth pebbles set in hardened sand or clay?

Back

Conglomerate rock is a type of sedimentary rock made up of rounded pebbles cemented together.

Front

What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

Back

Igneous rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock material.

Front

What is the general term for fuels derived from ancient remains of living organisms?

Back

Fossil fuels are energy sources formed from the decomposed remains of ancient plants and animals.

Front

What is the process called when sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments?

Back

Lithification is the process of turning sediments into sedimentary rock through compaction and cementation.

Front

What type of rock is formed under extreme heat and pressure?

Back

Metamorphic rock is formed when existing rocks are subjected to high heat and pressure, altering their structure.

Front

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

Back

Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, while extrusive igneous rocks form from lava that cools quickly on the surface.

Front

What is the term for the natural process of breaking down rocks?

Back

Weathering is the process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through physical, chemical, or biological means.

Front

What is the rock cycle?

Back

The rock cycle is the continuous process of rock formation, breakdown, and reformation, involving igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.