Conflict Between Popes and Monarchs

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Secular

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Nonreligious.

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Excommunicate

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To exclude a person from a church or a religious community.

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Clearly

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In a clear manner, without doubt or question.

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Authority

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Control.

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The struggle between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII revolved around the question of who had the right to appoint bishops in the Holy Roman Empire.

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Appoint bishops in the Holy Roman Empire.

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When the Pope excommunicated Henry IV, it meant that the emperor

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Was no longer considered part of the Church.

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The Ottonian Kings claimed to be successors to

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The Roman Emperors.

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The Concordat of Worms was a compromise that allowed Holy Roman emperors to

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Grant fiefs to bishops.

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The monarchy in France was made strong by

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Philip II.