DNA, Mutations, & Protein Synthesis

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What are the four bases of DNA?

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The four bases of DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

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In DNA, Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What are the types of mutations?

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The main types of mutations are substitution, deletion, insertion, and frameshift mutations.

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What is protein synthesis?

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Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA).

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA sequences to synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins by linking amino acids together.