Punnett Squares

Front

What is a Punnett Square?

Back

A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

Front

What does the term 'genotype' refer to?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles it possesses for a particular trait.

Front

What does the term 'phenotype' refer to?

Back

Phenotype refers to the observable physical characteristics of an organism, which result from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Front

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

Back

Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., AA or aa), while heterozygous means having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Aa).

Front

What is a dominant allele?

Back

A dominant allele is an allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.

Front

What is a recessive allele?

Back

A recessive allele is an allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present in the genotype.

Front

How can you determine the phenotypic ratio from a Punnett Square?

Back

The phenotypic ratio is determined by counting the number of offspring with each phenotype and expressing it as a ratio.

Front

What is the expected phenotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?

Back

The expected phenotypic ratio is 3:1, where 3 offspring show the dominant trait and 1 shows the recessive trait.

Front

What does it mean for a trait to be 'incomplete dominance'?

Back

Incomplete dominance occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.

Front

What is the purpose of using a test cross?

Back

A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual.