Biogeochemical Cycles Flashcard

Front

What is the nitrogen cycle?

Back

The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms, including nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification, allowing nitrogen to move through the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms.

Front

How do fertilizers affect the nitrogen cycle?

Back

Excessive use of fertilizers can lead to an imbalance in soil nitrogen levels, causing nutrient runoff into water bodies, which can result in algal blooms and water quality issues.

Front

What is the role of combustion in the carbon cycle?

Back

Combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change.

Front

What is cellular respiration?

Back

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

Front

What is transpiration?

Back

Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by plant roots, moves through plants, and is released as water vapor through pores in leaves.

Front

How do trees contribute to the water cycle?

Back

Trees contribute to the water cycle through transpiration, where they release water vapor into the atmosphere, influencing local humidity and precipitation patterns.

Front

What is nitrogen fixation?

Back

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants.

Front

What is the difference between biological and geological processes in biogeochemical cycles?

Back

Biological processes involve living organisms (e.g., nitrogen fixation, consumption), while geological processes involve non-living components (e.g., erosion, sedimentation).

Front

What is the significance of decomposition in the carbon cycle?

Back

Decomposition breaks down dead organic matter, releasing carbon back into the soil and atmosphere, thus recycling nutrients and maintaining ecosystem balance.

Front

What is runoff in the water cycle?

Back

Runoff is the movement of water, usually from precipitation, across the land surface into rivers, lakes, and oceans, which can lead to erosion and nutrient transport.