Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What does rRNA do in the cell?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

Front

Define anticodon in the context of tRNA.

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Back

The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, summarized as DNA -> mRNA -> protein.

Front

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Back

The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Back

The tertiary structure of a protein is the overall three-dimensional shape formed by the folding and interactions of the polypeptide chain.

Front

How do codons and anticodons interact during protein synthesis?

Back

Codons in mRNA are matched with complementary anticodons in tRNA to ensure the correct amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

Front

What is a ribosome made of?

Back

Ribosomes are made of rRNA and proteins, and they serve as the site of protein synthesis.