Geology Basics

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Metamorphic

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Forms from heat and pressure deep in the earth.

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Sedimentary

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Forms from burial and compaction, can contain fossils.

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Igneous

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Rock formed by the cooling of magma or lava (extrusive is formed above ground).

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Magma

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Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling.

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Lava

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Hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.

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Intrusive

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Forms inside the earth, magma.

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Extrusive

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Forms on the surface, lava.

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Weathering (Biological)

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Form of weathering caused by the activities of living organisms - for example, the growth of roots or the burrowing of animals.

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Weathering (Physical)

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The physical break down of rock into soil (rock turns into smaller and smaller particles).

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Soil Erosion

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Process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by natural processes.