APC 07 Periodic Trends

Front

What is the concept of shielding in atomic structure?

Back

Shielding occurs due to the repulsion between core electrons and valence electrons, which reduces the effective nuclear charge felt by the valence electrons.

Front

How does effective nuclear charge change as you move down a group in the periodic table?

Back

As you move down a group, the effective nuclear charge decreases due to the addition of electron shells, which increases shielding.

Front

Arrange the following ions in order of increasing size: Na⁺, Mg²⁺, S²⁻, Cl⁻.

Back

Mg²⁺ < Na⁺ < Cl⁻ < S²⁻.

Front

How does effective nuclear charge change as you move across a period in the periodic table?

Back

As you move across a period, the effective nuclear charge increases due to the increasing number of protons in the nucleus.

Front

Which metal is the most reactive among the following: Caesium (Cs), Sodium (Na), Rubidium (Rb), Lithium (Li)?

Back

Caesium (Cs) is the most reactive metal among the options.

Front

Define effective nuclear charge.

Back

Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom, accounting for shielding by other electrons.

Front

What trend is observed in atomic radius as you move down a group?

Back

Atomic radius increases as you move down a group due to the addition of electron shells.

Front

What trend is observed in ionization energy as you move across a period?

Back

Ionization energy generally increases as you move across a period due to increasing effective nuclear charge.

Front

Explain the trend in electronegativity as you move down a group.

Back

Electronegativity decreases as you move down a group because the increased distance between the nucleus and valence electrons reduces the nucleus's pull on bonding electrons.

Front

What is the relationship between atomic size and ionization energy?

Back

Generally, as atomic size increases, ionization energy decreases because the outermost electrons are further from the nucleus and are held less tightly.