Graded Biology Milestone Review

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What is active transport?

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Active transport is the process of moving substances across a cell membrane from a low concentration to a high concentration using energy (ATP).

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NGSS.HS-LS2-3

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What is primary succession?

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Primary succession is the ecological process that occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as after a volcanic eruption, leading to the establishment of a biological community.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

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What is secondary succession?

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Secondary succession is the ecological process that occurs in an area where a disturbance has destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact, such as after a forest fire.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism, which can lead to changes in traits and may affect the organism's survival.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

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What are prokaryotes?

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Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

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What are eukaryotes?

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Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, including plants, animals, and fungi.

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What is the role of carrier proteins in active transport?

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Carrier proteins facilitate the movement of substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, using energy.

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What is the significance of beneficial mutations?

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Beneficial mutations are genetic changes that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

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How do scientists study the effects of pollutants on organisms?

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Scientists compare the DNA and mutation rates of organisms living in polluted areas to those in unpolluted areas to assess the impact of pollutants.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

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What is the difference between DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

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Prokaryotic DNA is typically circular and not enclosed in a nucleus, while eukaryotic DNA is linear and contained within a nucleus.