DNA and Protein Synthesis

Front

What is DNA polymerase?

Back

An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a pre-existing chain during DNA replication.

Front

What is the role of exons in mRNA?

Back

Exons are the coding regions of a gene that are spliced together after introns are removed to form functional messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.

Front

Name the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA, where RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons in mRNA.

Front

What is the function of rRNA?

Back

rRNA is a structural component of ribosomes, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

What is the difference between introns and exons?

Back

Introns are non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during RNA processing, while exons are coding regions that remain in the final mRNA.

Front

What is the significance of the promoter region in DNA?

Back

The promoter is a specific DNA sequence that initiates transcription by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.

Front

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNA, separating the two strands to allow replication to occur.