B-LS1-1 DNA Structure and Protein Function Flashcard

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life, composed of two strands forming a double helix.

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What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Front

How do mutations affect protein function?

Back

Mutations can change the amino acid sequence of a protein, potentially altering its structure and function.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the function of ribosomes?

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Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating the mRNA sequence into a chain of amino acids.

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What is the relationship between DNA and proteins?

Back

DNA contains the instructions for synthesizing proteins, which perform various functions in the cell.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes read mRNA and assemble amino acids into a protein.

Front

What are amino acids?

Back

Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins; they are the building blocks of proteins.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6