Ch. 4 Env Flashcard (Biodiversity)

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What is biodiversity?

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Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, including the diversity of species, genetic variation, and ecosystem diversity.

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What is a keystone species?

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A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance. Its presence or absence can significantly impact the structure of the ecosystem.

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What is speciation?

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Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species, often due to geographic isolation or environmental changes.

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What are indicator species?

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Indicator species are organisms whose presence, absence, or abundance reflects a specific environmental condition, serving as a 'smoke alarm' for ecosystem health.

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What is natural selection?

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Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring, leading to evolutionary changes.

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What is an adaptation?

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An adaptation is a trait that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, such as cacti developing spines to reduce water loss.

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What is functional diversity?

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Functional diversity refers to the range of different functions or roles that species play within an ecosystem, contributing to its overall health and stability.

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What is geographic isolation?

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Geographic isolation occurs when a population of organisms is separated by physical barriers, leading to reduced gene flow and potential speciation.

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What is the significance of mass extinctions?

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Mass extinctions are significant events in Earth's history where a substantial number of species become extinct in a relatively short period, often leading to major shifts in biodiversity.

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What is the difference between endemic species and non-endemic species?

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Endemic species are those that are native to a specific geographic area and found nowhere else, while non-endemic species can be found in multiple regions.