Mendelian Genetics

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What is Mendelian Genetics?

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Mendelian Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited through generations, based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses (e.g., TT, Tt, tt).

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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What does homozygous mean?

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Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., TT or tt).

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What does heterozygous mean?

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Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Tt).

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What is a dominant allele?

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A dominant allele is an allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.

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What is a recessive allele?

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A recessive allele is an allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present in the genotype.

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What is a Punnett Square?

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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.

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What is the expected percentage of homozygous recessive offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Tt x Tt)?

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25%.

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If tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t), what is the phenotype of a plant with the genotype Tt?

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Tall.