Biology Chapter 17 Questions

Front

What is the role of DNA in translation?

Back

DNA is not directly involved in the translation process; it serves as the template for transcription to produce mRNA.

Front

What is the significance of translation beginning while transcription is still in progress in prokaryotes?

Back

This allows for rapid protein synthesis, as prokaryotic cells can start translating mRNA before it is fully synthesized.

Front

What does the release factor do during translation in eukaryotes?

Back

It binds to the stop codon in the A site of the ribosome, facilitating the termination of translation.

Front

How does a single base substitution affect the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Back

It may change only a single amino acid, as the reading frame remains unaffected.

Front

What is the first event in translation in eukaryotes?

Back

The small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5′ cap of mRNA.

Front

Define translation in the context of protein synthesis.

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

Explain the role of ribosomes in translation.

Back

Ribosomes are the molecular machines that facilitate the decoding of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the 5′ cap on mRNA?

Back

The 5′ cap protects mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding during translation.