Protein Synthesis

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Transcription process from DNA to RNA

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. In this process, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).

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Start codon in protein synthesis

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The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript that is translated by a ribosome. The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine.

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Building blocks of proteins

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Amino acids are the organic compounds that combine to form proteins. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.

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Definition of a polypeptide

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A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. It folds into a specific shape to form a functional protein.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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Role of mRNA in protein synthesis

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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Function of ribosomes in protein synthesis

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs. They read the sequence of mRNA and translate it into a polypeptide chain.

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What is translation in protein synthesis?

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Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

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What are amino acids?

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Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They contain an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain.

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What is the genetic code?

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The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins. It consists of codons that specify amino acids.