H Chem - Structure and Bonding

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What is a covalent bond?

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A covalent bond is when atoms share pairs of electrons, resulting from two positive nuclei being held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of electrons.

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What are polar covalent bonds?

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Polar covalent bonds are formed when the there is a large difference in electronegativity between atoms, leading to partial charges (δ+ and δ-) and a dipole.

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How are ionic formulae written?

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Ionic formulae are written by giving the simplest ratio of each type of ion in the substance.

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What is an ionic bond?

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An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions, forming lattice structures of oppositely charged ions.

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What is the bonding continuum?

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The bonding continuum ranges from pure covalent bonding to ionic bonding, with polar covalent bonding in between. Large difference in electronegativities indicates the ionic character, small difference in electronegativity indicates covalent character.

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How does electronegativity difference affect bond polarity?

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The larger the electronegativity difference, the more polar the bond. A large difference can result in complete transfer of electrons, forming ions.

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What types of compounds are often ionic?

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Compounds formed between metals and non-metals are often ionic, but not always. The properties are more important than the non-metal/ metal classification when determining the bonding

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How can physical properties indicate bonding type?

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Physical properties like state at room temperature, melting point, boiling point, solubility, and electrical conductivity can help deduce the type of bonding and structure in a compound.

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