Intermolecular Forces 23

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.

Front

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force, occurring between molecules that have hydrogen bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Front

What is a dipole-dipole attraction?

Back

Dipole-dipole attraction is an intermolecular force that occurs between polar molecules, where the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another.

Front

What are London dispersion forces?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles in molecules due to fluctuations in electron distribution. They are present in all molecules but are the only forces in nonpolar molecules.

Front

How do London forces vary with molecular size?

Back

London forces increase with molecular size because larger molecules have more electrons, leading to stronger temporary dipoles.

Front

Which molecule has the highest boiling point: H2, NH3, N2, O2?

Back

NH3 has the highest boiling point due to hydrogen bonding.

Front

What is a polar molecule?

Back

A polar molecule is a molecule that has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds, resulting in a distribution of charge that is uneven.

Front

What is the significance of electronegativity in intermolecular forces?

Back

Electronegativity differences between atoms in a molecule determine the polarity of the molecule and the strength of dipole-dipole interactions.

Front

What type of intermolecular force is present in HCl?

Back

HCl exhibits dipole-dipole attractions because it is a polar molecule.

Front

Which of the following has the strongest London forces: F2, Br2, I2, Cl2?

Back

I2 has the strongest London forces due to its larger number of electrons.