Thermodynamics

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What is entropy?

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Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. In thermodynamics, it quantifies the amount of energy in a physical system that is not available to do work.

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What happens to the entropy of a closed system when water freezes?

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The entropy decreases because the molecules become more ordered as they transition from a liquid to a solid state.

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How does temperature affect molecular movement?

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As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of molecules increases, causing them to move faster.

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What is convection?

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Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) caused by differences in temperature and density.

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What is conduction?

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Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials, where heat moves from the hotter object to the cooler one.

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What is radiation in terms of heat transfer?

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Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation, which can occur in a vacuum.

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What must molecules do to transition from a liquid to a gas?

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Molecules must gain kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces and enter the gas phase.

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What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy?

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Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance; higher temperatures correspond to higher kinetic energy.

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What is the principle of conservation of energy?

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The principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

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What is thermal equilibrium?

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Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two objects in contact with each other reach the same temperature and no heat flows between them.

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