OpenSciEd 6.2: Thermal Energy

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What is thermal energy?

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Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, which is related to its temperature.

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What happens to the particles in matter when thermal energy increases?

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The particles move faster and spread apart as thermal energy increases.

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What is the relationship between thermal energy and kinetic energy?

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As thermal energy increases, kinetic energy also increases because the particles move more rapidly.

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What is conduction?

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Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between materials.

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What is convection?

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Convection is the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) caused by differences in temperature.

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What is radiation?

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Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves, such as sunlight.

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What is the effect of thermal energy on the state of matter?

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Increasing thermal energy can change a substance from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to gas (evaporation).

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What is the process called when a solid turns into a liquid?

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Melting.

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What is the process called when a liquid turns into a gas?

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Evaporation.

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What is the process called when a gas turns into a liquid?

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Condensation.

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