Unity & Diversity LT3-4 Review

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What are homologous structures?

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Homologous structures are anatomical features in different species that share a common ancestry, even if they have different functions. For example, the forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats are homologous structures.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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What are analogous structures?

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Analogous structures are features in different species that serve similar functions but do not share a common ancestry. An example is the wings of birds and insects.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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What are vestigial structures?

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Vestigial structures are anatomical features that have lost most or all of their original function through evolution. An example is the human appendix.

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What is adaptive radiation?

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Adaptive radiation is the process by which organisms diversify rapidly into a variety of forms to adapt to different environments. This often occurs when a new habitat is available.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

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What is the significance of embryonic development in understanding evolution?

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Embryonic development shows similarities among different species, indicating common ancestry. For example, many vertebrate embryos exhibit similar structures early in development.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-3

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What is the relationship between evolution and biodiversity?

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Evolution leads to biodiversity as species adapt to different environments and niches, resulting in a variety of forms and functions.

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What is a phylogenetic tree?

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A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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What is the concept of natural selection?

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Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. This is a key mechanism of evolution.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

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What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?

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Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, while divergent evolution occurs when related species become more different over time.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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What is speciation?

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Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species, often due to geographic, behavioral, or temporal isolation.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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