What is the criminal justice system?

The structure of agencies upholding laws, controlling crime, and ensuring justice.

An individual accused or sued in a court of law.

What is the role of a defense attorney?

Representing the defendant in legal proceedings.

What is discretion in legal matters?

Authority to make decisions within certain boundaries.

Fair treatment through the normal judicial system.

What is the due process clause?

Constitutional provision guaranteeing fair treatment.

What does equality in justice mean?

Equal treatment of individuals within the justice system.

What does equity in justice refer to?

Fairness and impartiality in the administration of justice.

What is the exclusionary rule?

Rule preventing illegally obtained evidence from being used in court.

What does the Fifth Amendment protect?

Protecting self-incrimination and double jeopardy.

Who is the finder of fact in a trial?

Individual or group determining facts, such as a jury or judge.

What does the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee?

Due process at the federal level

The act of imprisoning or confining someone.

The liberties and privileges each person inherently possesses.

What is the role of a "Judge"?

An official with the authority to hear and decide legal cases.

A principle of retributive justice meaning 'an eye for an eye'.

A period of supervised release in lieu of incarceration.

What is the function of "Police"?

Law enforcement officers responsible for preventing crimes and ensuring order.

Fairness in the processes resolving disputes and allocating resources.

A written law passed by a legislative body.

What is the primary function of an Appellate Court?

To rehear cases originating in a trial court

What is the mission of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)?

To collect, analyze, publish, and disseminate information on crime and justice systems

Code (in the context of law)

A comprehensive set of laws arranged by subject

What is the Constitution?

A body of fundamental principles by which a nation or state is governed

A system with both state and federal courts

What is the constitutional guarantee of Due Process?

That a defendant will receive fair and impartial treatment by the criminal justice system

What is the primary focus of the Executive Branch of government?

To administer public affairs and enforce laws and policies

What are the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure?

Rules that govern how federal criminal prosecutions are conducted

An organizational structure where elements are arranged by rank

What is the Infancy Defense?

The doctrine that very young children were incapable of forming a culpable mental state and thus were not subject to criminal prosecution

The power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of legislative enactments

What is the role of the Judiciary?

The court system of a country or state; judges taken collectively

Elements of the criminal justice system designed to deal with lawbreaking by those not old enough to enter the adult system

An elected body, such as Congress, that has the constitutional authority to make laws

What is a Nonsystem Argument?

An argument that the components of the criminal justice system are in conflict, and that there is actually no system at all

A body of statutes that specify crimes and their punishments

A negotiated agreement between the prosecution and the defendant where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser crime than that originally charged

What is Procedural Due Process?

The constitutional idea that the criminal justice system must treat people in a fundamentally fair way

What does SCOTUS stand for?

Supreme Court of the United States

A group of interrelated parts that work together to accomplish a common set of objectives

What are the Three Branches of Government established by the Constitution?

Executive, legislative, and judicial branches

HDC Unit 1 Flashcards Flashcards

Student preview

50 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is an adversarial legal system?

Back

A system where opposing parties present evidence to a neutral party.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a bench trial?

Back

A trial where the judge alone decides the verdict without a jury.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What does the Bill of Rights refer to?

Back

The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are civil liberties?

Back

Rights protected from government infringement.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the role of corrections in the legal system?

Back

Supervising individuals convicted of crimes.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the function of courts?

Back

Resolving legal disputes and administering justice.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a crime?

Back

An act or omission violating a law and subject to punishment.

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