Protein Synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal the termination of protein synthesis, indicating that the polypeptide chain is complete.

Front

How many amino acids are there?

Back

There are 20 standard amino acids that are used to build proteins.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.