Genetics (Pedigree)

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What is a pedigree?

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A pedigree is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors, often used to track genetic traits.

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What does it mean if a trait is recessive?

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A recessive trait is one that only appears in an individual if both alleles for that trait are recessive. It can be masked by a dominant trait.

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What are genotypes?

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Genotypes are the genetic constitution of an individual, represented by the alleles inherited from the parents (e.g., AA, Aa, aa).

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What are phenotypes?

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Phenotypes are the observable characteristics or traits of an individual, resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

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Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., AA or aa), while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles (e.g., Aa).

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How can you determine the probability of a child inheriting a recessive trait?

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You can use a Punnett square to predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific genotypes based on the parents' genotypes.

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What is a dominant trait?

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A dominant trait is one that appears in the phenotype even if only one allele is present. It can mask the expression of a recessive trait.

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What does the notation 'A' and 'a' typically represent in genetics?

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In genetics, 'A' usually represents a dominant allele, while 'a' represents a recessive allele.

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What is the significance of the F1 generation in genetics?

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The F1 generation is the first filial generation, which results from a cross between two parental (P) generations. It is used to study inheritance patterns.

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What is a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing all possible combinations of alleles from the parents.