AP Human Geography, Unit 3 Religion

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3rd largest religion; DID NOT originate in Pakistan; given name by Aryans; no founder; consider the Ganges a sacred river; their main god is Brahman. Other gods are expressions of Brahman. Vedas are its 4 sacred texts. Defined as an ethnic religion to SE Asia.

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Hinduism

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Created by interaction of Hinduism and Islam. Didn't like the worship of idols and the caste system in Hinduism. EX) wear turbans and forbid hair-cutting

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Sikhism

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Traced to older contemporary of Confucius, Lao-Tsu, who published Tao-te-Ching or "Book of Way". EX) China. Avoid competition possession pursuit of knowledge. Evils= war, punishment, takes, and ceremonial ostentation.

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Taoism

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Came from Hinduism as a question to its teachings (caste system). 2 branches: Mahayan (salvation comes by appeal to holy sources of merit) and Theravada (Salvation is a personal matter achieved by good behavior and being a monk or nun). EX) Theravada- Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia. Mahayana- Vietnam Korea, Japan, and China

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Buddhism

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An ethnic religion, related to Buddhism that focuses on nature and ancestor worship. EX) Japan

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Shintoism

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The majority accept rulers who aren't descendants of Muhammad/Ali. EX) many in US and Europe

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Sunni

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Founded by Muhammad, Qu'ran, Allah; monotheistic; includes 5 pillars; pilgrimage to Mecca/hajj. EX) Most Muslims are in Indonesia

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Islam

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Has a single founder (Jesus); split from Judaism; monotheistic; first split: between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. Emperor Diocletian split empire eventually leading to separate denominations. The last branch, Protestant, came from the Catholics.

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Christianity

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Grew from the beliefs of Jews; a nomadic Semitic tribe in SW Asia. Based off the teachings of Abraham. In Middle East, N Africa, Russia, Ukraine, Europe, and N and S America; Monotheistic.

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Judaism

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A philosophy of life. Like Taoism, had a great impact on Chinese Life. Appalled by the poor and suffering, this urged people to assert themselves. Said virtues and abilities, not heritage, should determine position in society. Altered by emperors over time.

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Confucianism