Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation

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What is conduction?

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Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials. It occurs when heat moves from a hotter object to a cooler one through molecular collisions.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

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What is convection?

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Convection is the transfer of heat in fluids (liquids and gases) caused by the movement of the fluid itself. Warm fluid rises while cooler fluid sinks, creating a circulation pattern.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

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What is radiation?

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Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves. It does not require a medium to travel through, allowing heat to be transferred through empty space.

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Example of conduction in everyday life?

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An example of conduction is when a metal spoon gets hot after being placed in a hot cup of coffee.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

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Example of convection in everyday life?

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An example of convection is the warm air rising from a heater, causing the cooler air to sink and create a circulation of air.

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Example of radiation in everyday life?

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An example of radiation is feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin, even when you are not in direct contact with it.

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NGSS.MS-PS4-1

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What happens to air when it is heated?

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When air is heated, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser air sinks, creating convection currents.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

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How does a lava lamp demonstrate convection?

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In a lava lamp, the colored wax heats up, becomes less dense, rises to the top, cools down, and then sinks back down, demonstrating convection.

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What is the role of insulation in heat transfer?

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Insulation reduces heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation, helping to keep heat in or out of a space.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

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How does heat transfer occur in a fire?

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Heat from a fire is transferred to people nearby primarily through radiation, warming them without direct contact.

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