DNA Structure, Replication, Protein Synthesis & Mutations

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

Front

What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogen bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the base pair rule?

Back

The base pair rule states that in DNA, Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is RNA?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins. It is made up of ribose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases.

Front

What are the three types of RNA?

Back

The three types of RNA are Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Front

What is the process of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division. It involves unwinding the double helix and synthesizing new complementary strands.

Front

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus and produces messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize a corresponding polypeptide (protein) by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins. Mutations can be caused by errors during DNA replication or environmental factors.

Front

What are the effects of mutations?

Back

Mutations can have various effects: they can be neutral, beneficial, or harmful, potentially leading to genetic disorders or contributing to evolution.