P4 Investigation 3-4 I-Check

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What is geological time?

Back

Geological time is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata to time, divided into eras and periods based on significant evolutionary events in Earth's history.

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What does the principle of uniformitarianism state?

Back

The principle of uniformitarianism states that the processes that shape the Earth today, such as erosion and sedimentation, have worked in the same way throughout geological history.

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What are index fossils?

Back

Index fossils are fossils of organisms that were widespread but only existed for a short period of geological time, used to help date the rock layers in which they are found.

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What type of environment is indicated by the presence of shale?

Back

The presence of shale typically indicates a calm, low-energy environment, such as a swamp or deep water, where fine sediments can settle.

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How do scientists use index fossils?

Back

Scientists use index fossils to determine the relative age of rock layers and to correlate the age of rocks from different locations.

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What is sedimentation?

Back

Sedimentation is the process by which particles settle out of a fluid, such as water, and accumulate to form sedimentary layers.

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What is the significance of significant evolutionary events in geological time?

Back

Significant evolutionary events mark major changes in Earth's biodiversity and are used to define the boundaries between different geological periods.

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What is the difference between erosion and weathering?

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Erosion is the process of moving soil and rock from one location to another, while weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without movement.

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What does it mean for rocks to form by the same processes today as in the past?

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It means that the geological processes we observe today, such as volcanic activity and sediment deposition, have been occurring throughout Earth's history.

Front

What is a basin in geological terms?

Back

A basin is a low-lying area where sediments can accumulate, often leading to the formation of sedimentary rock layers.