U4C14S3 El Niño and La Niña Short Term Climate changes

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What is El Niño?

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El Niño is a climate pattern characterized by the warming of surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, leading to significant weather changes globally.

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What is La Niña?

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La Niña is a climate pattern that describes the cooling of surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, often resulting in increased rainfall in some areas and drought in others.

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What are the typical effects of El Niño on weather in the Northwestern United States?

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El Niño typically causes drier weather in the Northwestern United States.

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What are the typical effects of La Niña on weather in the western coasts of South America?

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La Niña usually results in cooler ocean temperatures and less rain on the western coasts of South America.

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What is upwelling?

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Upwelling is the process where deep, cold water rises to the surface, often bringing nutrients that support marine life.

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What is downwelling?

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Downwelling is the process where surface water sinks, often leading to the transport of oxygen-rich water to deeper ocean layers.

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How long do El Niño and La Niña events typically last?

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El Niño and La Niña events typically last between 9 to 12 months.

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What does ENSO stand for?

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ENSO stands for El Niño Southern Oscillation, which describes the periodic fluctuations in sea surface temperatures and atmospheric conditions in the Pacific Ocean.

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What is the Gulf Stream?

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The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows up the eastern coast of the United States, influencing climate.

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What is the jet stream?

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The jet stream is a fast-flowing air current in the atmosphere that influences weather patterns and can affect the development of storms.