AMDM Unit 4 Test Fall 2024

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What is the mode of a data set?

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The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. For example, in the data set 88, 94, 82, 91, 85, 82, 121, 118, 81, 85, 92, 77, 69, 50, the modes are 82 and 85.

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What is an observational study?

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An observational study is a type of research where the researcher observes and collects data without manipulating any variables. For example, gathering data from 15 school districts to study the link between attendance and grades.

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What is an experiment in research?

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An experiment is a study in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables to determine their effect on another variable. For example, testing the correlation between sleep hours and SAT scores by having groups of students sleep for different hours.

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What is the placebo effect?

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The placebo effect is a psychological phenomenon where a person experiences a change in their condition due to the belief that a treatment will be effective, even if the treatment has no actual therapeutic effect.

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What is a survey in research?

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A survey is a method of collecting data by asking people questions. For example, collecting data from students about their SAT Prep class attendance and SAT scores.

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What is the difference between a sample and a population?

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A sample is a subset of a population used to represent the whole. A population includes all members of a specified group. For example, surveying 20 students from a school is a sample of the entire student population.

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What is correlation in statistics?

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Correlation measures the relationship between two variables. A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other also increases, while a negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other decreases.

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What is a controlled experiment?

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A controlled experiment is a study where one group is given a treatment and another group (the control group) is not, allowing researchers to compare outcomes.

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What is a variable in research?

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A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. In an experiment, variables can be independent (manipulated) or dependent (measured).

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What is statistical bias?

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Statistical bias occurs when the results of a study are skewed due to systematic errors in data collection or analysis, leading to inaccurate conclusions.