Schemes and Tropes AP

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Periphrasis

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A descriptive word or phrase used to refer to a proper name.

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Onomatopoeia

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Words whose sounds suggest their meaning.

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Synecdoche

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A figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa (e.g., 'Cleveland won by six runs').

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Pun

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A joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words which sound alike but have different meanings.

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Anaphora

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The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

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Metonymy

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A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated.

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Hyperbole

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Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

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Litotes

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A form of understatement that uses negation to express a positive trait (e.g., 'not bad' means 'good').

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Personification

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Attributing human characteristics to non-human entities or abstract concepts.

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Irony

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A figure of speech in which the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning.