BIO101 Exam 4 Review

Front

What feature makes RNA less stable than DNA?

Back

RNA contains ribose sugar, which has a hydroxyl group (-OH) at the 2' carbon, making it more reactive and less stable than DNA, which contains deoxyribose.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of 3 nucleotides that specifies an amino acid.

Front

What was the significance of Hershey and Chase's experiment?

Back

Hershey and Chase's experiment helped establish DNA as the genetic material by demonstrating that DNA, not protein, is the hereditary material in viruses.

Front

How do purines and pyrimidines pair in DNA?

Back

In DNA, purines (adenine and guanine) pair with pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine). Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Front

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase is an enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Back

The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Front

What is the primary function of DNA?

Back

The primary function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of structure?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What are Okazaki fragments?

Back

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.