RNA Structure and Function Flashcard

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase binds to a region near the gene called the promoter to initiate transcription.

Front

What is the function of a repressor protein in the lac operon?

Back

The repressor protein binds to the operator region and stops transcription from occurring.

Front

What is an anticodon and its role in translation?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nitrogenous bases on tRNA that binds to a complementary codon on mRNA during translation.

Front

How do transcription factors influence gene expression in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Transcription factors bind to regulatory regions of DNA near the genes to control gene expression.

Front

What does it mean that many amino acids may be encoded by more than one codon?

Back

This indicates that the genetic code is degenerate, allowing multiple codons to specify the same amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the promoter region in gene transcription?

Back

The promoter region is where RNA polymerase binds to initiate the transcription of a gene.

Front

What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies an amino acid, while an anticodon is a complementary sequence on tRNA.

Front

What are the components of the lac operon?

Back

The lac operon consists of the promoter, operator, and structural genes that code for proteins involved in lactose metabolism.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as a template for translating the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of the operator region in gene regulation?

Back

The operator region is a segment of DNA where repressor proteins can bind to inhibit transcription.