Basic Math Concepts

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Ratio

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A comparison of two numbers or amounts, showing how many times one number is in relation to another. Example: If you have 2 apples and 3 oranges, the ratio of apples to oranges is 2:3.

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Rate

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A ratio that compares two different types of quantities. Example: Driving 60 miles in 2 hours means your rate is 30 miles per hour.

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Unit Rate

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A rate where the second number is 1. Example: If you buy 6 bananas for $3, the unit rate is $0.50 per banana.

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Equivalent Ratios

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Two or more ratios that are equal when simplified. Example: 2:3 is equivalent to 4:6 because both simplify to the same ratio.

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Tape Diagrams

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A drawing that looks like a strip of tape, used to visually represent ratios, fractions, or other math relationships. It’s like breaking a problem into parts to make it easier to solve.

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Equations

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Math statements that use an equal sign (=) to show two things are the same. Example: 3 + 5 = 8 or 2x = 10.

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Coordinate Plane

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A grid formed by a horizontal line (x-axis) and a vertical line (y-axis), used to plot points, lines, and shapes. Example: The point (3, 4) is 3 steps right and 4 steps up from the origin (0, 0).

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Percent

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A way to express a part of a whole as a fraction of 100. Example: 50% means 50 out of 100, or half.

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Convert

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To change something into a different form. Example: Converting 3 feet into inches means changing it to 36 inches.