DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis

Front

What are the two molecules that form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?

Back

Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate.

Front

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Back

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Front

How many amino acids are coded for by the nucleotide sequence ATG GGA ACT CCA?

Back

4 amino acids.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain.

Front

What type of bond joins the two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds.

Front

What is the function of the phosphate group in nucleotides?

Back

The phosphate group links nucleotides together to form the DNA or RNA backbone.

Front

What is the significance of the nitrogen base in nucleotides?

Back

The nitrogen base encodes genetic information and determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Front

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the process of transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.