DNA Replication and Mitosis Flashcard

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that matches the correct nucleotides to the single strands of DNA, forming new complementary strands.

Front

What is the significance of the codon UUA in protein synthesis?

Back

The codon UUA codes for the amino acid Leucine.

Front

How many amino acids are coded for by a sequence of 12 nucleotides in DNA?

Back

A sequence of 12 nucleotides codes for 4 amino acids, as each amino acid is coded by a sequence of 3 nucleotides (codon).

Front

What type of mutation is represented by the change from ATTTGAGCC to ATTGAGCC?

Back

This is an example of a deletion mutation, which causes a frameshift.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced by another nucleotide, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

Front

What are the main stages of DNA replication?

Back

The main stages of DNA replication include unwinding of the double helix, complementary base pairing, and formation of new DNA strands.

Front

What is the difference between DNA replication and transcription?

Back

DNA replication copies the entire DNA molecule to produce two identical copies, while transcription synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame and potentially changing all subsequent amino acids.

Front

What is the function of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Back

The ribosome is the cellular machinery that facilitates the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein) by reading codons and assembling amino acids.

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins, consisting of codons that specify amino acids.