Enzymes

Front

What is an enzyme?

Back

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Front

What is the enzyme-substrate complex?

Back

The temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate.

Front

What does it mean for an enzyme to be denatured?

Back

It means the enzyme has lost its three-dimensional structure and, consequently, its functionality.

Front

What factors can affect enzyme activity?

Back

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators.

Front

What is the optimal temperature for most human enzymes?

Back

Around 37°C (98.6°F).

Front

How do enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?

Back

By providing an alternative reaction pathway that requires less energy.

Front

What is the role of cofactors in enzyme activity?

Back

Cofactors are non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.

Front

What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibition?

Back

Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site, while non-competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a different site, altering the enzyme's function.

Front

What is an endothermic reaction?

Back

A reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings, resulting in a temperature decrease.

Front

What is the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Back

Each enzyme has an optimal pH range; deviations can lead to decreased activity or denaturation.