Earth's Materials

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Fossil fuel

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A finite supply of fuel formed under the ground over millions of years from dead material that was under high temperature and pressure.

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Coal, oil and natural gas

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Types of fossil fuels.

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Hydrocarbon

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Compounds that contain only the elements hydrogen and carbon.

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Crude oil

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A mixture of many different hydrocarbon compounds.

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Fractional distillation

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A process used to separate the different fractions of hydrocarbons by heating them up to their boiling point.

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Fraction

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A small collection of hydrocarbons.

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The Carbon Cycle

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A continuous exchange of the element carbon around the planet as plants and animals grow and die.

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Carbon dioxide

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Greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere by the process of burning fossil fuels and respiration.

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Respiration

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Chemical process of releasing energy from food, in which carbohydrates react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

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Photosynthesis

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Chemical reaction of plants that uses light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen, storing chemical energy.