DNA Replication

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.

Front

What are the main steps of DNA replication?

Back

The main steps of DNA replication include initiation, elongation, and termination.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' to 3' direction in DNA replication?

Back

DNA strands are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning that nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing strand.

Front

What are nucleotides composed of?

Back

Nucleotides are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

The base pairing rule states that adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G) in DNA.

Front

What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds and separates the double-stranded DNA during replication.

Front

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase is the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, sealing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

Front

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments (Okazaki fragments) in the opposite direction.

Front

What is semi-conservative replication?

Back

Semi-conservative replication is the method by which DNA is replicated, where each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.