Unit 05.2 Vocabulary

Front

What is the process of copying nucleic acids to make them easier to analyze?

Back

Amplification, often achieved through the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Front

What do we call an organism that has had its DNA altered through genetic engineering?

Back

Genetically modified organism (GMO).

Front

What is an undifferentiated cell that gives rise to specialized cells?

Back

Stem cell.

Front

What is the process by which genetic information generates a specific protein or trait?

Back

Gene expression.

Front

What is the process by which cells control which genes are expressed, when, where, and how much?

Back

Gene regulation.

Front

What is the role of polymerase in the amplification of nucleic acids?

Back

Polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides to a template strand during PCR.

Front

What are the potential benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Back

GMOs can lead to increased crop yields, resistance to pests and diseases, and enhanced nutritional content.

Front

What is the significance of stem cells in medical research?

Back

Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, making them valuable for regenerative medicine and research into developmental biology.

Front

How does gene expression relate to phenotype?

Back

Gene expression determines which proteins are produced in a cell, influencing the organism's traits and characteristics (phenotype).

Front

What factors can influence gene regulation?

Back

Environmental factors, signaling molecules, and the presence of transcription factors can all influence gene regulation.