DNA History, Structure, and Replication Vocabulary

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Fredrick Griffith

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discovery of the "transforming principle," which demonstrated that bacteria can transfer genetic information through a process called transformation

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Oswald Avery

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DNA is the "transforming principle" responsible for transferring genetic information between bacteria, essentially establishing DNA as the hereditary material, not protein as was previously believed

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Hershey and Chase

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conducting experiments that definitively proved DNA, not protein, is the genetic material

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Erwin Chargaff

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amount of adenine (A) is always equal to thymine (T) and the amount of cytosine (C) is always equal to guanine (G), providing crucial evidence for the base pairing mechanism

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Rosalind Franklin

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James Watson and Francis Crick

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the first scientists to formulate an accurate description of this molecule's complex, double-helical structure

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Purine

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adenine and guanine are two-carbon nitrogen ring

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pyrimidine

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cytosine and thymine are one-carbon nitrogen ring bases

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DNA replication

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the process of creating two new DNA strands from an original DNA strand

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semiconservative model

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the two strands of DNA unwind from each other, and each acts as a template for synthesis of a new, complementary strand