Translation and Mutations

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is a chromosomal mutation?

Back

A chromosomal mutation is a change in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can lead to genetic disorders or variations.

Front

What is chromosomal inversion?

Back

Chromosomal inversion is a type of mutation where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.

Front

How is DNA transcribed to mRNA?

Back

DNA is transcribed to mRNA by complementary base pairing, where adenine pairs with uracil and cytosine pairs with guanine.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the gene.

Front

What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?

Back

A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide, while a frameshift mutation involves the addition or deletion of nucleotides, affecting the entire sequence downstream.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon in protein synthesis?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

The three types of RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Front

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.