Translation and Point Mutations Practice Flashcard

Front

What is a point mutation?

Back

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, which can result in a different amino acid being produced.

Front

What are the three types of point mutations?

Back

The three types of point mutations are substitution, insertion, and deletion.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

Front

What is the role of codons in protein synthesis?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid during protein synthesis.

Front

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Back

A codon consists of three nucleotides.

Front

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

Back

The codon UUA represents the amino acid Leucine.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

Front

How many codons are needed to specify for five amino acids?

Back

Five codons are needed to specify for five amino acids.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the codons.

Front

What is the difference between a silent mutation and a missense mutation?

Back

A silent mutation does not change the amino acid sequence, while a missense mutation results in a different amino acid being produced.