Data Collection & Experimental Design AP Statistics

Front

What is the purpose of a completely randomized design in experiments?

Back

To eliminate bias by randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups.

Front

Define Cluster Random Sampling.

Back

A sampling method where the population is divided into clusters (usually geographically), and entire clusters are randomly selected for the survey.

Front

What are confounding variables in an experiment?

Back

Variables that are not controlled by the researcher and may affect the outcome of the experiment, leading to incorrect conclusions.

Front

What is a control group in an experiment?

Back

The group that does not receive the treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.

Front

Explain Systematic Random Sampling.

Back

A sampling method where every nth individual is selected from a list or queue.

Front

What is the significance of random assignment in experimental design?

Back

It helps ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, which minimizes bias.

Front

What is the difference between observational studies and experimental studies?

Back

Observational studies observe subjects without manipulation, while experimental studies involve the manipulation of variables to determine effects.

Front

What is the role of a hypothesis in experimental design?

Back

A hypothesis is a testable statement predicting the relationship between variables in an experiment.

Front

What is the importance of sample size in statistical studies?

Back

A larger sample size generally increases the reliability and validity of the results, reducing the margin of error.

Front

Define the term 'bias' in the context of data collection.

Back

Bias refers to systematic errors that lead to incorrect conclusions, often due to the way data is collected or analyzed.