Biology Cell flashcard practice

Front

What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

Back

The cytoskeleton provides structural support and shape to the cell, and it facilitates movement of organelles within the cell, much like a conveyor belt.

Front

What are lysosomes and what is their role in the cell?

Back

Lysosomes are small organelles filled with enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, helping to digest cellular waste and recycle materials.

Front

How do mitochondria contribute to cellular function?

Back

Mitochondria convert chemical energy from food into usable compounds, primarily ATP, which powers various cellular processes.

Front

What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

Back

The cell wall shapes and protects the cell, providing structural support and preventing excessive water uptake.

Front

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its types?

Back

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that assembles proteins and lipids. It has two types: rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis, and smooth ER, which is involved in lipid synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Back

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is primarily involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Front

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where they translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the role of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Back

The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis and protecting the cell's internal environment.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What are chloroplasts and their function in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.