Genetics Basics

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Genotype

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The allele combination or genetic makeup of an organism. Ex: RR

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Phenotype

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An organism's physical appearance (e.g., curly hair)

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Homozygous

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An organism that has two identical alleles

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Heterozygous

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An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.

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Heredity

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passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring

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Traits

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Characteristics that are inherited.

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Alleles

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Different versions of a gene

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Dominant allele

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An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.

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recessive allele

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An allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present.

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Punnett Square

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A square that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.