What is the primary function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

UIL Biology Topic 4: Gene Expression Flashcards

Flashcard
•
Biology
•
12th Grade
•
Hard
Joseph Peck
FREE Resource
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50 questions
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Back
To serve as a template for protein synthesis
Answer explanation
The primary function of mRNA is to serve as a template for protein synthesis. It carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are assembled based on the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Which enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA?
Back
RNA polymerase
Answer explanation
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription, making it the correct answer. Other enzymes listed have different roles in DNA replication and repair.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Back
To transport amino acids to the ribosome
Answer explanation
tRNA's primary role in protein synthesis is to transport amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into proteins. This is crucial for translating the genetic code into functional proteins.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Which of the following is a start codon in mRNA? Options: UGA, UAA, AUG, UAG, CUA
Back
AUG
Answer explanation
AUG is the start codon in mRNA, signaling the beginning of protein synthesis. The other options (UGA, UAA, UAG) are stop codons, which terminate translation.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a point mutation?
Back
A change in a single nucleotide base pair
Answer explanation
A point mutation specifically refers to a change in a single nucleotide base pair in the DNA sequence. This distinguishes it from other types of mutations, such as chromosomal changes or larger segment alterations.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Which process involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?
Back
Splicing
Answer explanation
Splicing is the process that removes introns from pre-mRNA, allowing the remaining exons to be joined together. This is essential for producing a mature mRNA molecule that can be translated into a protein.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the function of a ribosome in protein synthesis?
Back
To synthesize proteins by linking amino acids
Answer explanation
The correct choice is 'To synthesize proteins by linking amino acids' because ribosomes are the cellular machinery that assembles proteins by connecting amino acids in the order specified by mRNA during translation.
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