Ecology Essentials for Grade 9

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Ecology

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Study of interactions between organisms and their environment

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Ecosystem

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Community of living organisms and their physical environment

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Biotic Factors

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Living components of an ecosystem (e.g., plants, animals)

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Abiotic Factors

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Non-living components of an ecosystem (e.g., sunlight, water)

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Food Chain

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Linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass

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Food Web

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Complex network of interconnected food chains

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Trophic Level

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Position an organism occupies in a food chain

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Producer

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Organisms that produce their own food (e.g., plants)

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Consumer

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Organisms that eat other organisms for energy

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Decomposer

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Organisms that break down dead material (e.g., fungi, bacteria)