AP bio Unit 2 (not including 2.8)

Front

What are the two categories of a cell?

Back

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Front

Single celled only, bacteria and archaea, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, smaller and oldest

Back

Characteristics of Prokaryotes

Front

Single or multicellular, Plants protists animals and fungi, have a nucleus, membrane bound organelles, larger and complex, evolved from prokaryotic cells

Back

Characteristics of Eukaryotes

Front

Shared characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Back

Have DNA/RNA, Cell membrane, ribosomes, some have cell walls/flagella, both use cellular respiration to make ATP energy, perform glycolysis, cytoplasm, reproduce

Front

What is the Central Dogma?

Back

Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes go DNA to RNA to Proteins

Front

List organelles in Prokaryotes

Back

Non membrane bound organelles such as The cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrioles, flagella and cilia

Front

List organelles in Eukaryotes

Back

Membrane bound organelles such as the Nucleus/nucleolus, smooth and rough ER, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, chloroplast, mitochondria, and peroxisomes/lysosomes

Front

Isolating process of eukaryotes to increase efficiency and surface area for cell process. Allows for specialization of different areas to do different jobs.

Back

What is Compartmentalization?

Front

Significance of Cell size

Back

Cells have to be big enough to fit all DNA and organelles, but also small enough to efficiently exchange nutrients with the extracellular environment to maintain homeostasis

Front

Why are organelle membranes folded?

Back

Organelle membranes are folded to increase surface area. Increased surface area gives more real estate for important reactions/enzymes to exist without making the organelle too big.