Topic 2.4/2.5 Vocab

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Artificial Selection

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The process by which humans breed only those organisms with desired traits to produce the next generation; selective breeding.

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Genetic Engineering

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The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits.

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Gene Therapy

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The process of replacing an absent or faulty gene with a normal working gene to treat a medical disease or disorder.

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Clone

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An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.

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Genome

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The complete set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA.

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Manipulation

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To cause a change in something using artificial means.

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Variation

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Any difference between individuals of the same species.

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Sex Chromosomes

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The pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is biologically male or female.

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Autosomal Chromosomes

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The 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.

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mutation

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Any change in the DNA of a gene or a chromosome.