Historical Figures and Innovations

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IBN BATTUTA

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A Moroccan explorer known for his extensive travels across the Islamic world and beyond.

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MARCO POLO

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A Venetian merchant and explorer who traveled to Asia and documented his experiences.

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MARGERY KEMPE

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An English Christian mystic and author, known for her autobiographical work.

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BATTLE OF TALAS

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A battle in 751 between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang Dynasty, significant for the spread of paper-making.

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PAPERMAKING

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The process of making paper, which was introduced to the Islamic world from China.

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DAR AL ISLAM

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A term referring to the lands under Islamic rule.

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GUNPOWDER

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An explosive mixture used in firearms and fireworks, first developed in China.

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COMPASS

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A navigational instrument that shows direction relative to the Earth's magnetic poles.

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PAX ISLAMICA

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A period of peace and stability in the Islamic world.

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Zhenghe

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A Chinese explorer known for his voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, and East Africa.